{"id":3923,"date":"2021-04-08T11:19:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T09:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nonproliferation.eu\/hcoc\/?p=3923"},"modified":"2021-12-01T11:29:41","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T10:29:41","slug":"le-code-de-conduite-de-la-haye-quelle-transparence-pour-les-biens-a-double-usage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nonproliferation.eu\/hcoc\/le-code-de-conduite-de-la-haye-quelle-transparence-pour-les-biens-a-double-usage\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Code de conduite de La Haye : quelle transparence pour les biens \u00e0 double usage ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Le Code de conduite de La Haye : quelle transparence pour les biens \u00e0 double usage ?\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fondation pour la Recherche Strat\u00e9gique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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DEFENSE&Industries n\u00b015<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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The regulation of dual-use goods is a major issue in the area of \u200b\u200bnon-proliferation. As such, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), for example, takes a keen interest in the control of nuclear technologies used in civilian industry. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is notably responsible for ensuring that programs declared as civilian do not use materials and infrastructure for military purposes through a system of declarations and inspections.<\/p>

In the area of \u200b\u200bvectors, international efforts to combat missile proliferation are structured primarily through the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Logically, the text identifies purely military technologies but also dual-use goods and technologies, for which the MTCR partners are required to specifically examine the end use of exported products. In this context, the restrictions and the lists of equipment, software and technologies of the MTCR which require a specific export license are well known to actors who work in the military field but also who produce goods for civilian purposes, in particular for the space domain. A similar approach is followed by the Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Proliferation, which calls on states that subscribe to it to exercise “due vigilance when considering assisting any other country in carrying out launcher programs. space, in order to avoid contributing to delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction, these programs being able to be used to conceal ballistic missile programs \u201d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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APRIL 2021<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Emmanuelle Maitre<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Download in French<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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“D\u00e8s sa cr\u00e9ation, il prend non seulement en compte les missiles balistiques \u2013 alors principaux vecteurs d\u2019ADM \u2013 mais \u00e9galement les lanceurs spatiaux”<\/em><\/h4>

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La r\u00e9gulation des biens \u00e0 double usage est un enjeu majeur en mati\u00e8re de non-prolif\u00e9ration. A ce titre, le Trait\u00e9 de non-prolif\u00e9ration des armes nucl\u00e9aires (TNP), par exemple, s\u2019int\u00e9resse de pr\u00e8s au contr\u00f4le des technologies nucl\u00e9aires utilis\u00e9es dans l\u2019industrie civile. L\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique (AIEA) est notamment charg\u00e9e de s\u2019assurer que les programmes d\u00e9clar\u00e9s comme civils n\u2019utilisent pas les mati\u00e8res et les infrastructures pour des usages militaires gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de d\u00e9clarations et d\u2019inspections.\u00a0<\/p>

Dans le domaine des vecteurs, les efforts internationaux de lutte contre la prolif\u00e9ration des missiles se structurent principalement par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire du R\u00e9gime de contr\u00f4le des technologies de missiles (MTCR). Logiquement, le texte identifie des technologies purement militaires mais \u00e9galement des biens et technologies \u00e0 double usage, pour lesquels les partenaires du MTCR sont requis d\u2019examiner sp\u00e9cifiquement l\u2019usage final des produits export\u00e9s. Dans ce cadre, les restrictions et les listes d\u2019\u00e9quipements, logiciels et technologies du MTCR qui requi\u00e8rent une licence d\u2019exportation sp\u00e9cifique sont bien connues des acteurs qui travaillent dans le domaine militaire mais \u00e9galement qui produisent des biens \u00e0 vocation civile, en particulier pour le domaine spatial. Une approche\u00a0similaire est suivie par le Code de conduite de La Haye contre la prolif\u00e9ration balistique, qui invite les Etats qui y souscrivent \u00e0 faire preuve \u00ab\u00a0de la vigilance voulue lorsqu\u2019il est envisag\u00e9 d\u2019aider tout autre pays \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter des programmes de lanceurs spatiaux, afin d\u2019\u00e9viter de contribuer \u00e0 des syst\u00e8mes de vecteurs d\u2019armes de destruction massive, ces programmes pouvant servir \u00e0 dissimuler des programmes de missiles balistiques\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>

Le Code de Conduite de La Haye<\/h2>

Le Code de Conduite de La Haye (HCoC) a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 en 2002 dans l\u2019optique de r\u00e9duire la prolif\u00e9ration des missiles balistiques pouvant \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour emporter des armes de destruction massive (ADM). D\u00e8s sa cr\u00e9ation, il prend non seulement en compte les missiles balistiques \u2013 alors principaux vecteurs d\u2019ADM \u2013 mais \u00e9galement les lanceurs spatiaux, les deux technologies partageant de nombreuses caract\u00e9ristiques. De nature juridiquement non-contraignant, il compte aujourd\u2019hui 143 Etats signataires qui s\u2019engagent \u00e0 des objectifs politiques, \u00e0 savoir faire preuve de retenue dans le d\u00e9veloppement des syst\u00e8mes balistiques, montrer de la vigilance dans les exportations de technologies de lanceurs spatiaux et refuser syst\u00e9matiquement l\u2019exportation de missiles balistiques pouvant servir \u00e0 emporter des ADM. Par ailleurs, les membres du Code s\u2019engagent \u00e0 mettre en oeuvre des mesures de transparence et de confiance. En particulier, ils sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer chaque ann\u00e9e aux autres Etats signataires les grandes lignes de leur politique en mati\u00e8re de missiles balistique et de lanceurs spatiaux (en fournissant des informations sur les syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s et tir\u00e9s au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00e9coul\u00e9e). Ils doivent aussi partager des notifications des lancements et vols d\u2019essai de missiles balistiques et de lanceurs spatiaux en amont de chaque tir. Cette mesure est importante pour \u00e9viter les confusions et probl\u00e8mes d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation pouvant na\u00eetre suite aux tirs d\u2019essais. Elle rappelle les m\u00e9canismes bilat\u00e9raux similaires ayant exist\u00e9 au cours de la guerre froide entre les Etats-Unis et l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique et qui subsistent encore aujourd\u2019hui entre l\u2019Inde et le Pakistan, d\u2019une part, et entre la Russie et la Chine, d\u2019autre part. Encore une fois, ces dispositions visent principalement \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la crainte d\u2019une attaque balistique surprise en accroissant la transparence sur les programmes et les d\u00e9veloppements. Enfin, les Etats peuvent mettre en oeuvre des mesures volontaires suppl\u00e9mentaires, comme ouvrir \u00e0 la visite leurs installations de tirs de lanceurs spatiaux. […]<\/p>

Click here to download the report<\/em><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC) was adopted in 2002 with a view to reducing the proliferation of ballistic missiles that can be used to carry weapons of mass destruction (WMD). From its inception, it took into account not only ballistic missiles – then the main vectors of ADM – but also space launchers, the two technologies sharing many characteristics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications","category-other-publications"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Code de conduite de La Haye : quelle transparence pour les biens \u00e0 double usage ? - HCoC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nonproliferation.eu\/hcoc\/le-code-de-conduite-de-la-haye-quelle-transparence-pour-les-biens-a-double-usage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Code de conduite de La Haye : quelle transparence pour les biens \u00e0 double usage ? - HCoC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC) was adopted in 2002 with a view to reducing the proliferation of ballistic missiles that can be used to carry weapons of mass destruction (WMD). 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