Security, Technology, and Cooperation: The Future of the HCoC

5 December 2025

10:00 – 12:30 CET

Geneva

 

 

This event will explore how the Hague Code of Conduct can continue to curb ballistic missile proliferation amid new geopolitical and technological challenges. Representatives are invited to take part in this discussion.

INVITATION

While ballistic proliferation remains a global phenomenon, the Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC) has for more than 20 years served to create restraint in WMD-able ballistic missile transfers and testing. New developments in terms of geopolitics but also technology are creating additional challenges for the Code, but also opportunities.

 

This event will assess the role that can be played by the HCoC in the current context and in the foreseeable future.

 

It is our privilege to invite representatives of your countries or your organisations to participate in the event organised by FRS, with the support of the European Union, the Permanent Mission of Uruguay and the Permanent Mission of Austria.

First Session: Role of the HCoC in a tense international environment

 MODERATOR:

  • Mr Alexandre Houdayer, Secretary General, FRS


PANELLISTS:

  • Amb. Alejandro Garofali, Representative of Uruguay to the United Nations (Vienna), Chair of the HCoC (2025-2026)

  • Ms Markéta Homolkova, Deputy Head of the Division for Disarmament, Non-Proliferation and Arms Export Controls, EEAS

  • Mr Andrey Baklitskiy, Senior Researcher, UNIDIR
  • Amb. George-Wilhelm Gallhofer, Director for Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, MFA, Austria (Executive Secretariat of the HCoC)

Second Session: Role of the HCoC in a tense international environment

  • Mr Etienne Marcuz,  Associate Fellow, FRS

  • Dr Laetitia Cesari,  Consultant, UNIDIR

  • Ms Emmanuelle Maitre, Senior Research Fellow, FRS
Research Papers

Opening HCoC to cruise missiles: A proposal to overcome political hurdles

The issue of extending the scope of the Hague Code of Conduct to cruise missiles is regularly raised in academic and political discussions about the Code. Some non-subscribing States justify their refusal to join the instrument because of this exclusion, perceived as a major flaw. Indeed, cruise missiles have characteristics that can make them very effective in carrying weapons of mass destruction. It is therefore clearly of interest to consider extending the HCoC scope to these weapons.

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